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Physical exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It is performed for various reasons, including strengthening muscles and the cardiovascular system, honing athletic skills, weight loss or maintenance, and merely enjoyment. Frequent and regular physical exercise boosts the immune system and helps prevent the "diseases of affluence" such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, and obesity. It may also help prevent depression, help to promote or maintain positive self-esteem, improve mental health generally, and can augment an individual's sex appeal or body image, which has been found to be linked with higher levels of self-esteem.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Exercise ) In turn citing: Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Copyright 2008. Citation: ''"Strengthening exercise increases muscle strength and mass, bone strength, and the body's metabolism. It can help attain and maintain proper weight and improve body image and self-esteem"''〕 Childhood obesity is a growing global concern,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=WHO: Obesity and overweight )〕 and physical exercise may help decrease some of the effects of childhood and adult obesity. Health care providers often call exercise the "miracle" or "wonder" drug—alluding to the wide variety of proven benefits that it can provide.〔(American Association of Kidney Patients, "Physical Activity and Exercise: The Wonder Drug" ) Retrieved 29 November 2014〕 In the United Kingdom two to four hours of light activity are recommended during working hours.〔 This includes walking and standing. == Classification == Physical exercises are generally grouped into three types, depending on the overall effect they have on the human body: * Aerobic exercise is any physical activity that uses large muscle groups and causes your body to use more oxygen than it would while resting.〔 The goal of aerobic exercise is to increase cardiovascular endurance. Examples of aerobic exercise include cycling, swimming, brisk walking, skipping rope, rowing, hiking, playing tennis, continuous training, and long slow distance training.〔 * Anaerobic exercise is also called strength or Resistance training and can firm, strengthen, and tone your muscles, as well as improve bone strength, Balance, and Coordination.〔 Examples of strength moves are pushups, lunges, and bicep curls using dumbbells.〔 Anaerobic exercise also include weight training, functional training, eccentric training, Interval training, sprinting and high-intensity interval training increase short-term muscle strength.〔 * Flexibility exercises stretch and lengthen your muscles.〔 Activities such as stretching help to improve joint flexibility and keep muscles limber.〔 The goal is to improve the range of motion which can reduce the chance of injury.〔 Physical exercise can also include training that focuses on accuracy, agility, power, and speed. Sometimes the terms 'dynamic' and 'static' are used. 'Dynamic' exercises such as steady running, tend to produce a lowering of the diastolic blood pressure during exercise, due to the improved blood flow. Conversely, static exercise (such as weight-lifting) can cause the systolic pressure to rise significantly (during the exercise). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「physical exercise」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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